knowledge spilloverの例文

• There are two kinds of knowledge spillovers : internal and external.
• The close physical proximity facilitates knowledge spillovers, helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas.
• Internal knowledge spillover occurs if there is a positive impact of knowledge between individuals without or outside of a production organization.
• Any knowledge spillover reduces the innovator's benefits, thus freely revealed knowledge is not in the interest of the innovator.
• Complementary industries were encouraged to cluster together so that they could benefit from the input sharing and knowledge spillovers of each neighbouring firm.
• The concept of knowledge spillover is also used to justify subsidies to foreign direct investment, as foreign investors help diffuse technology among local firms.
• There are three sources of external economies of scale : input sharing, labor market pooling, and knowledge spillovers ( Marshall, 1920 )'
• A recent, general example of a knowledge spillover could be the collective growth associated with the research and development of online social networking tools like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter.
• However, research on the Cambridge IT Cluster ( UK ) suggests that technological knowledge spillovers might only happen rarely and are less important than other cluster benefits such as labour market pooling.
• Government subsidies are often controversial and while they might often result in a more appropriate social equilibrium, they could also lead to undesirable political repercussions as such a subsidy must come from taxpayers, some of whom may not directly benefit from the researching firm s subsidized knowledge spillover.